Add HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage

src/LibHac/Crypto/HmacSha256.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using LibHac.Diag;
+
+namespace LibHac.Crypto;
+
+public static class HmacSha256
+{
+    public const int HashSize = Sha256.DigestSize;
+
+    public static void GenerateHmacSha256(Span<byte> outMac, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, ReadOnlySpan<byte> key)
+    {
+        bool success = HMACSHA256.TryHashData(key, data, outMac, out int bytesWritten);
+
+        Abort.DoAbortUnless(success && bytesWritten == HashSize);
+    }
+}

src/LibHac/FsSrv/FileSystemServer.cs

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ internal struct FileSystemServerGlobals : IDisposable
     public LocationResolverSetGlobals LocationResolverSet;
     public PooledBufferGlobals PooledBuffer;
     public GameCardServiceGlobals GameCardService;
+    public HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageGlobals HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage;
 
     public void Initialize(HorizonClient horizonClient, FileSystemServer fsServer)
     {
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ internal struct FileSystemServerGlobals : IDisposable
         LocationResolverSet.Initialize();
         PooledBuffer.Initialize();
         GameCardService.Initialize();
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage.Initialize(fsServer);
     }
 
     public void Dispose()

src/LibHac/FsSystem/BitmapUtils.cs

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ namespace LibHac.FsSystem;
 public static class BitmapUtils
 {
     // ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
-    public static uint ILog2(uint value)
+    public static int ILog2(uint value)
     {
         Assert.SdkRequiresGreater(value, 0u);
 
-        const uint intBitCount = 32;
-        return intBitCount - 1 - (uint)Util.BitUtil.CountLeadingZeros(value);
+        const int intBitCount = 32;
+        return intBitCount - 1 - Util.BitUtil.CountLeadingZeros(value);
     }
 }

src/LibHac/FsSystem/BlockCacheBufferedStorage.cs

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ public class BlockCacheBufferedStorage : IStorage
     private int _shiftBytesVerificationBlock;
     private int _flags;
     private int _bufferLevel;
-    private StorageType _storageType;
     private BlockCacheManager<CacheEntry, AccessRange> _cacheManager;
+    private bool _isWritable;
 
     public BlockCacheBufferedStorage()
     {
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public class BlockCacheBufferedStorage : IStorage
 
     public Result Initialize(IBufferManager bufferManager, SdkRecursiveMutex mutex, IStorage data, long dataSize,
         int sizeBytesVerificationBlock, int maxCacheEntries, bool useRealDataCache, sbyte bufferLevel,
-        bool useKeepBurstMode, StorageType storageType)
+        bool useKeepBurstMode, bool isWritable)
     {
         Assert.SdkNotNull(data);
         Assert.SdkNotNull(mutex);
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public class BlockCacheBufferedStorage : IStorage
         _lastResult = Result.Success;
         _flags = 0;
         _bufferLevel = bufferLevel;
-        _storageType = storageType;
+        _isWritable = isWritable;
         _shiftBytesVerificationBlock = (int)BitmapUtils.ILog2((uint)sizeBytesVerificationBlock);
 
         Assert.SdkEqual(1 << _shiftBytesVerificationBlock, _sizeBytesVerificationBlock);

src/LibHac/FsSystem/HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using LibHac.Common;
+using LibHac.Common.FixedArrays;
+using LibHac.Crypto;
+using LibHac.Diag;
+using LibHac.Fs;
+using LibHac.FsSrv;
+using LibHac.Os;
+using LibHac.Util;
+using static LibHac.FsSystem.Constants;
+using static LibHac.FsSystem.HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage;
+using static LibHac.Util.BitUtil;
+
+namespace LibHac.FsSystem;
+
+internal static class Constants
+{
+    public const int IntegrityMinLayerCount = 2;
+    public const int IntegrityMaxLayerCount = 7;
+}
+
+internal struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageGlobals
+{
+    public RandomDataGenerator GenerateRandom;
+    public Semaphore GlobalWriteSemaphore;
+    public Semaphore GlobalReadSemaphore;
+
+    public void Initialize(FileSystemServer fsServer)
+    {
+        GlobalWriteSemaphore = new Semaphore(fsServer.Hos.Os, AccessCountMax, AccessCountMax);
+        GlobalReadSemaphore = new Semaphore(fsServer.Hos.Os, AccessCountMax, AccessCountMax);
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        GlobalReadSemaphore.Dispose();
+    }
+}
+
+public class FileSystemBufferManagerSet
+{
+    public IBufferManager[] Buffers;
+
+    public FileSystemBufferManagerSet()
+    {
+        Buffers = new IBufferManager[IntegrityMaxLayerCount];
+    }
+}
+
+public struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation
+{
+    public Fs.Int64 Offset;
+    public Fs.Int64 Size;
+    public int BlockOrder;
+    public uint Reserved;
+}
+
+public struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation
+{
+    public uint MaxLayers;
+    public Array6<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation> Layers;
+    public HashSalt HashSalt;
+}
+
+public struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation
+{
+    public uint Magic;
+    public uint Version;
+    public uint MasterHashSize;
+    public HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation LevelHashInfo;
+
+    public void Format()
+    {
+        var hashSalt = new Optional<HashSalt>();
+        Format(in hashSalt);
+    }
+
+    public void Format(in Optional<HashSalt> hashSalt)
+    {
+        Magic = IntegrityVerificationStorageMagic;
+        Version = IntegrityVerificationStorageVersion;
+        MasterHashSize = 0;
+        LevelHashInfo = default;
+
+        if (hashSalt.HasValue)
+        {
+            LevelHashInfo.HashSalt = hashSalt.ValueRo;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+public struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationSizeSet
+{
+    public long ControlSize;
+    public long MasterHashSize;
+    public Array5<long> LayeredHashSizes;
+}
+
+public class HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageControlArea : IDisposable
+{
+    public struct InputParam
+    {
+        public Array6<int> LevelBlockSizes;
+    }
+
+    public const int HashSize = Sha256.DigestSize;
+
+    private ValueSubStorage _storage;
+    private HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation _meta;
+
+    public HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageControlArea()
+    {
+        _storage = new ValueSubStorage();
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        _storage.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    public static Result QuerySize(out HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationSizeSet outSizeSet, in InputParam inputParam,
+        int layerCount, long dataSize)
+    {
+        UnsafeHelpers.SkipParamInit(out outSizeSet);
+
+        Assert.SdkRequires(layerCount >= IntegrityMinLayerCount && layerCount <= IntegrityMaxLayerCount);
+
+        for (int level = 0; level < layerCount - 1; level++)
+        {
+            Assert.SdkRequires(inputParam.LevelBlockSizes[level] > 0 && IsPowerOfTwo(inputParam.LevelBlockSizes[level]));
+        }
+
+        {
+            outSizeSet.ControlSize = Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation>();
+
+            Span<long> levelSize = stackalloc long[IntegrityMaxLayerCount];
+            int level = layerCount - 1;
+
+            levelSize[level] = Alignment.AlignUpPow2(dataSize, (uint)inputParam.LevelBlockSizes[level - 1]);
+            level--;
+
+            for (; level > 0; level--)
+            {
+                // Calculate how much space is needed to store the hashes of the above level, rounding up to the next block size.
+                levelSize[level] =
+                    Alignment.AlignUpPow2(levelSize[level + 1] / inputParam.LevelBlockSizes[level] * HashSize,
+                        (uint)inputParam.LevelBlockSizes[level - 1]);
+            }
+
+            // The size of the master hash does not get rounded up to the next block size.
+            levelSize[0] = levelSize[1] / inputParam.LevelBlockSizes[0] * HashSize;
+            outSizeSet.MasterHashSize = levelSize[0];
+
+            // Write the sizes of each level to the output struct.
+            for (level = 1; level < layerCount - 1; level++)
+            {
+                outSizeSet.LayeredHashSizes[level - 1] = levelSize[level];
+            }
+
+            return Result.Success;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Result Format(in ValueSubStorage metaStorage,
+        in HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation metaInfo)
+    {
+        // Ensure the storage is large enough to hold the meta info.
+        Result rc = metaStorage.GetSize(out long metaSize);
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        if (metaSize < Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation>())
+            return ResultFs.InvalidSize.Log();
+
+        // Validate the meta magic and version.
+        if (metaInfo.Magic != IntegrityVerificationStorageMagic)
+            return ResultFs.IncorrectIntegrityVerificationMagicCode.Log();
+
+        if ((metaInfo.Version & IntegrityVerificationStorageVersionMask) != IntegrityVerificationStorageVersion)
+            return ResultFs.UnsupportedVersion.Log();
+
+        // Write the meta info to the storage.
+        rc = metaStorage.Write(0, SpanHelpers.AsReadOnlyByteSpan(in metaInfo));
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        rc = metaStorage.Flush();
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        return Result.Success;
+    }
+
+    public static Result Expand(in ValueSubStorage metaStorage,
+        in HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation newMeta)
+    {
+        // Ensure the storage is large enough to hold the meta info.
+        Result rc = metaStorage.GetSize(out long metaSize);
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        if (metaSize < Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation>())
+            return ResultFs.InvalidSize.Log();
+
+        // Validate both the previous and new metas.
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation previousMeta = default;
+        rc = metaStorage.Read(0, SpanHelpers.AsByteSpan(ref previousMeta));
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        if (newMeta.Magic != IntegrityVerificationStorageMagic || newMeta.Magic != previousMeta.Magic)
+            return ResultFs.IncorrectIntegrityVerificationMagicCode.Log();
+
+        if (newMeta.Version != IntegrityVerificationStorageVersion || newMeta.Version != previousMeta.Version)
+            return ResultFs.UnsupportedVersion.Log();
+
+        // Write the new meta.
+        rc = metaStorage.Write(0, SpanHelpers.AsReadOnlyByteSpan(in newMeta));
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        rc = metaStorage.Flush();
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        return Result.Success;
+    }
+
+    public uint GetMasterHashSize()
+    {
+        return _meta.MasterHashSize;
+    }
+
+    public void GetLevelHashInfo(out HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation outInfo)
+    {
+        outInfo = _meta.LevelHashInfo;
+    }
+
+    public Result Initialize(in ValueSubStorage metaStorage)
+    {
+        // Ensure the storage is large enough to hold the meta info.
+        Result rc = metaStorage.GetSize(out long metaSize);
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        if (metaSize < Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation>())
+            return ResultFs.InvalidSize.Log();
+
+        // Set the storage and read the meta.
+        _storage.Set(in metaStorage);
+        rc = _storage.Read(0, SpanHelpers.AsByteSpan(ref _meta));
+        if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+        // Validate the meta magic and version.
+        if (_meta.Magic != IntegrityVerificationStorageMagic)
+            return ResultFs.IncorrectIntegrityVerificationMagicCode.Log();
+
+        if ((_meta.Version & IntegrityVerificationStorageVersionMask) != IntegrityVerificationStorageVersion)
+            return ResultFs.UnsupportedVersion.Log();
+
+        return Result.Success;
+    }
+
+    public void FinalizeObject()
+    {
+        using var emptySubStorage = new ValueSubStorage();
+        _storage.Set(in emptySubStorage);
+    }
+}
+
+public class HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage : IStorage
+{
+    [NonCopyableDisposable]
+    public struct HierarchicalStorageInformation : IDisposable
+    {
+        public enum Storage
+        {
+            MasterStorage = 0,
+            Layer1Storage = 1,
+            Layer2Storage = 2,
+            Layer3Storage = 3,
+            Layer4Storage = 4,
+            Layer5Storage = 5,
+            DataStorage = 6
+        }
+
+        private ValueSubStorage[] _storages;
+
+        public HierarchicalStorageInformation(in HierarchicalStorageInformation other)
+        {
+            _storages = new ValueSubStorage[(int)Storage.DataStorage + 1];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < _storages.Length; i++)
+            {
+                _storages[i] = new ValueSubStorage(in other._storages[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public HierarchicalStorageInformation()
+        {
+            _storages = new ValueSubStorage[(int)Storage.DataStorage + 1];
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < _storages.Length; i++)
+            {
+                _storages[i].Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ref ValueSubStorage this[int index]
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Assert.SdkRequiresInRange(index, (int)Storage.MasterStorage, (int)Storage.DataStorage + 1);
+                return ref _storages[index];
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void SetMasterHashStorage(in ValueSubStorage storage) => _storages[(int)Storage.MasterStorage].Set(in storage);
+        public void SetLayer1HashStorage(in ValueSubStorage storage) => _storages[(int)Storage.Layer1Storage].Set(in storage);
+        public void SetLayer2HashStorage(in ValueSubStorage storage) => _storages[(int)Storage.Layer2Storage].Set(in storage);
+        public void SetLayer3HashStorage(in ValueSubStorage storage) => _storages[(int)Storage.Layer3Storage].Set(in storage);
+        public void SetLayer4HashStorage(in ValueSubStorage storage) => _storages[(int)Storage.Layer4Storage].Set(in storage);
+        public void SetLayer5HashStorage(in ValueSubStorage storage) => _storages[(int)Storage.Layer5Storage].Set(in storage);
+        public void SetDataStorage(in ValueSubStorage storage) => _storages[(int)Storage.DataStorage].Set(in storage);
+    }
+
+    internal const uint IntegrityVerificationStorageMagic = 0x43465649; // IVFC
+    internal const uint IntegrityVerificationStorageVersion = 0x00020000;
+    internal const uint IntegrityVerificationStorageVersionMask = 0xFFFF0000;
+
+    internal const int HashSize = Sha256.DigestSize;
+
+    internal const int AccessCountMax = 5;
+    internal TimeSpan AccessTimeout => TimeSpan.FromMilliSeconds(10);
+
+    private const sbyte BaseBufferLevel = 0x10;
+
+    private FileSystemBufferManagerSet _bufferManagers;
+    private SdkRecursiveMutex _mutex;
+    private IntegrityVerificationStorage[] _integrityStorages;
+    private BlockCacheBufferedStorage[] _bufferedStorages;
+    private Semaphore _readSemaphore;
+    private Semaphore _writeSemaphore;
+    private long _dataSize;
+    private int _layerCount;
+
+    // LibHac addition
+    private FileSystemServer _fsServer;
+
+    private static readonly byte[][] KeyArray =
+        { MasterKey.ToArray(), L1Key.ToArray(), L2Key.ToArray(), L3Key.ToArray(), L4Key.ToArray(), L5Key.ToArray() };
+
+    public HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage(FileSystemServer fsServer)
+    {
+        _integrityStorages = new IntegrityVerificationStorage[IntegrityMaxLayerCount - 1];
+        _bufferedStorages = new BlockCacheBufferedStorage[IntegrityMaxLayerCount - 1];
+
+        _dataSize = -1;
+        _fsServer = fsServer;
+    }
+
+    public override void Dispose()
+    {
+        FinalizeObject();
+
+        if (_integrityStorages is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (IntegrityVerificationStorage storage in _integrityStorages)
+            {
+                storage.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (_bufferedStorages is not null)
+        {
+            foreach (BlockCacheBufferedStorage storage in _bufferedStorages)
+            {
+                storage.Dispose();
+            }
+        }
+
+        base.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    public FileSystemBufferManagerSet GetBuffers()
+    {
+        return _bufferManagers;
+    }
+
+    public void GetParameters(out HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageControlArea.InputParam outParam)
+    {
+        outParam = default;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < _layerCount - 2; i++)
+        {
+            outParam.LevelBlockSizes[i] = _integrityStorages[i].GetBlockSize();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool IsInitialized()
+    {
+        return _dataSize >= 0;
+    }
+
+    public ValueSubStorage GetL1HashStorage()
+    {
+        return new ValueSubStorage(_bufferedStorages[_layerCount - 3], 0,
+            DivideUp(_dataSize, GetL1HashVerificationBlockSize()));
+    }
+
+    public long GetL1HashVerificationBlockSize()
+    {
+        return _integrityStorages[_layerCount - 2].GetBlockSize();
+    }
+
+    public Result Initialize(in HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation info,
+        ref HierarchicalStorageInformation storageInfo, FileSystemBufferManagerSet buffers,
+        IHash256GeneratorFactory hashGeneratorFactory, bool isHashSaltEnabled, SdkRecursiveMutex mutex,
+        int maxDataCacheEntries, int maxHashCacheEntries, sbyte bufferLevel, bool isWritable, bool allowClearedBlocks)
+    {
+        return Initialize(in info, ref storageInfo, buffers, hashGeneratorFactory, isHashSaltEnabled, mutex, null, null,
+            maxDataCacheEntries, maxHashCacheEntries, bufferLevel, isWritable, allowClearedBlocks);
+    }
+
+    public Result Initialize(in HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation info,
+        ref HierarchicalStorageInformation storageInfo, FileSystemBufferManagerSet buffers,
+        IHash256GeneratorFactory hashGeneratorFactory, bool isHashSaltEnabled, SdkRecursiveMutex mutex,
+        Semaphore readSemaphore, Semaphore writeSemaphore, int maxDataCacheEntries, int maxHashCacheEntries,
+        sbyte bufferLevel, bool isWritable, bool allowClearedBlocks)
+    {
+        // Validate preconditions.
+        Assert.SdkNotNull(buffers);
+        Assert.SdkAssert(info.MaxLayers >= IntegrityMinLayerCount && info.MaxLayers <= IntegrityMaxLayerCount);
+
+        // Set member variables.
+        _layerCount = (int)info.MaxLayers;
+        _bufferManagers = buffers;
+        _mutex = mutex;
+        _readSemaphore = readSemaphore;
+        _writeSemaphore = writeSemaphore;
+
+        {
+            // If hash salt is enabled, generate it.
+            var mac = new Optional<HashSalt>();
+            if (isHashSaltEnabled)
+            {
+                mac.Set();
+                HmacSha256.GenerateHmacSha256(mac.Value.Hash, info.HashSalt.HashRo, KeyArray[0]);
+            }
+
+            // Initialize the top level verification storage.
+            _integrityStorages[0] = new IntegrityVerificationStorage();
+            _integrityStorages[0].Initialize(in storageInfo[(int)HierarchicalStorageInformation.Storage.MasterStorage],
+                in storageInfo[(int)HierarchicalStorageInformation.Storage.Layer1Storage],
+                1 << info.Layers[0].BlockOrder, HashSize, _bufferManagers.Buffers[_layerCount - 2],
+                hashGeneratorFactory, in mac, false, isWritable, allowClearedBlocks);
+        }
+
+        // Initialize the top level buffer storage.
+        _bufferedStorages[0] = new BlockCacheBufferedStorage();
+        Result rc = _bufferedStorages[0].Initialize(_bufferManagers.Buffers[0], _mutex, _integrityStorages[0],
+            info.Layers[0].Size, 1 << info.Layers[0].BlockOrder, maxHashCacheEntries, false, BaseBufferLevel, false,
+            isWritable);
+
+        if (!rc.IsFailure())
+        {
+            int level;
+
+            // Initialize the level storages.
+            for (level = 0; level < _layerCount - 3; level++)
+            {
+                // If hash salt is enabled, generate it.
+                var mac = new Optional<HashSalt>();
+                if (isHashSaltEnabled)
+                {
+                    mac.Set();
+                    HmacSha256.GenerateHmacSha256(mac.Value.Hash, info.HashSalt.HashRo, KeyArray[level + 1]);
+                }
+
+                // Initialize the verification storage.
+                using (var hashStorage = new ValueSubStorage(_bufferedStorages[level], 0, info.Layers[level].Size))
+                {
+                    _integrityStorages[level + 1] = new IntegrityVerificationStorage();
+                    _integrityStorages[level + 1].Initialize(in hashStorage, in storageInfo[level + 2],
+                        1 << info.Layers[level + 1].BlockOrder, 1 << info.Layers[level].BlockOrder,
+                        _bufferManagers.Buffers[_layerCount - 2], hashGeneratorFactory, in mac, false, isWritable,
+                        allowClearedBlocks);
+                }
+
+                // Initialize the buffer storage.
+                _bufferedStorages[level + 1] = new BlockCacheBufferedStorage();
+                rc = _bufferedStorages[level + 1].Initialize(_bufferManagers.Buffers[level + 1], _mutex,
+                    _integrityStorages[level + 1], info.Layers[level + 1].Size, 1 << info.Layers[level + 1].BlockOrder,
+                    maxHashCacheEntries, false, (sbyte)(BaseBufferLevel + (level + 1)), false, isWritable);
+
+                if (rc.IsFailure())
+                {
+                    // Cleanup initialized storages if we failed.
+                    _integrityStorages[level + 1].FinalizeObject();
+
+                    for (; level > 0; level--)
+                    {
+                        _bufferedStorages[level].FinalizeObject();
+                        _integrityStorages[level].FinalizeObject();
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!rc.IsFailure())
+            {
+                // Initialize the final level storage.
+                // If hash salt is enabled, generate it.
+                var mac = new Optional<HashSalt>();
+                if (isHashSaltEnabled)
+                {
+                    mac.Set();
+                    HmacSha256.GenerateHmacSha256(mac.Value.Hash, info.HashSalt.HashRo, KeyArray[level + 1]);
+                }
+
+                // Initialize the verification storage.
+                using (var hashStorage = new ValueSubStorage(_bufferedStorages[level], 0, info.Layers[level].Size))
+                {
+                    _integrityStorages[level + 1] = new IntegrityVerificationStorage();
+                    _integrityStorages[level + 1].Initialize(in hashStorage,
+                        in storageInfo[(int)HierarchicalStorageInformation.Storage.DataStorage],
+                        1 << info.Layers[level + 1].BlockOrder, 1 << info.Layers[level].BlockOrder,
+                        _bufferManagers.Buffers[_layerCount - 2], hashGeneratorFactory, in mac, true, isWritable,
+                        allowClearedBlocks);
+                }
+
+                // Initialize the buffer storage.
+                _bufferedStorages[level + 1] = new BlockCacheBufferedStorage();
+                rc = _bufferedStorages[level + 1].Initialize(_bufferManagers.Buffers[level + 1], _mutex,
+                    _integrityStorages[level + 1], info.Layers[level + 1].Size, 1 << info.Layers[level + 1].BlockOrder,
+                    maxDataCacheEntries, true, bufferLevel, true, isWritable);
+
+                if (!rc.IsFailure())
+                {
+                    _dataSize = info.Layers[level + 1].Size;
+                    return Result.Success;
+                }
+
+                // Cleanup initialized storages if we failed.
+                _integrityStorages[level + 1].FinalizeObject();
+
+                for (; level > 0; level--)
+                {
+                    _bufferedStorages[level].FinalizeObject();
+                    _integrityStorages[level].FinalizeObject();
+                }
+            }
+
+            _bufferedStorages[0].FinalizeObject();
+        }
+
+        _integrityStorages[0].FinalizeObject();
+
+        // Ensure we're uninitialized if we failed.
+        _dataSize = -1;
+        _bufferManagers = null;
+        _mutex = null;
+
+        return rc;
+    }
+
+    public void FinalizeObject()
+    {
+        if (_dataSize >= 0)
+        {
+            _dataSize = 0;
+            _bufferManagers = null;
+            _mutex = null;
+
+            for (int level = _layerCount - 2; level >= 0; level--)
+            {
+                _bufferedStorages[level].FinalizeObject();
+                _integrityStorages[level].FinalizeObject();
+            }
+
+            _dataSize = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public override Result GetSize(out long size)
+    {
+        Assert.SdkRequires(_dataSize >= 0);
+
+        size = _dataSize;
+        return Result.Success;
+    }
+
+    public override Result SetSize(long size)
+    {
+        return ResultFs.UnsupportedSetSizeForHierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage.Log();
+    }
+
+    public override Result Read(long offset, Span<byte> destination)
+    {
+        Assert.SdkRequires(_dataSize >= 0);
+
+        if (destination.Length == 0)
+            return Result.Success;
+
+        ref HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageGlobals g =
+            ref _fsServer.Globals.HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage;
+
+        _readSemaphore?.Acquire();
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (!g.GlobalReadSemaphore.TimedAcquire(AccessTimeout))
+            {
+                for (int level = _layerCount - 2; level >= 0; level--)
+                {
+                    Result rc = _bufferedStorages[level].Flush();
+                    if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+                }
+
+                g.GlobalReadSemaphore.Acquire();
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                Result rc = _bufferedStorages[_layerCount - 2].Read(offset, destination);
+                if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+                return Result.Success;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                g.GlobalReadSemaphore.Release();
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _readSemaphore?.Release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public override Result Write(long offset, ReadOnlySpan<byte> source)
+    {
+        Assert.SdkRequires(_dataSize >= 0);
+
+        if (source.Length == 0)
+            return Result.Success;
+
+        ref HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageGlobals g =
+            ref _fsServer.Globals.HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage;
+
+        _writeSemaphore?.Acquire();
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (!g.GlobalWriteSemaphore.TimedAcquire(AccessTimeout))
+            {
+                for (int level = _layerCount - 2; level >= 0; level--)
+                {
+                    Result rc = _bufferedStorages[level].Flush();
+                    if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+                }
+
+                g.GlobalWriteSemaphore.Acquire();
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                Result rc = _bufferedStorages[_layerCount - 2].Write(offset, source);
+                if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+                return Result.Success;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                g.GlobalWriteSemaphore.Release();
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _writeSemaphore?.Release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public override Result Flush()
+    {
+        return Result.Success;
+    }
+
+    public override Result OperateRange(Span<byte> outBuffer, OperationId operationId, long offset, long size,
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> inBuffer)
+    {
+        switch (operationId)
+        {
+            case OperationId.FillZero:
+            case OperationId.DestroySignature:
+            {
+                Result rc = _bufferedStorages[_layerCount - 2]
+                    .OperateRange(outBuffer, operationId, offset, size, inBuffer);
+                if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+                return Result.Success;
+            }
+            case OperationId.InvalidateCache:
+            case OperationId.QueryRange:
+            {
+                Result rc = _bufferedStorages[_layerCount - 2]
+                    .OperateRange(outBuffer, operationId, offset, size, inBuffer);
+                if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+
+                return Result.Success;
+            }
+            default:
+                return ResultFs.UnsupportedOperateRangeForHierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage.Log();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Result Commit()
+    {
+        for (int level = _layerCount - 2; level >= 0; level--)
+        {
+            Result rc = _bufferedStorages[level].Commit();
+            if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+        }
+
+        return Result.Success;
+    }
+
+    public Result OnRollback()
+    {
+        for (int level = _layerCount - 2; level >= 0; level--)
+        {
+            Result rc = _bufferedStorages[level].OnRollback();
+            if (rc.IsFailure()) return rc.Miss();
+        }
+
+        return Result.Success;
+    }
+
+    public static void SetGenerateRandomFunction(FileSystemServer fsServer, RandomDataGenerator function)
+    {
+        fsServer.Globals.HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage.GenerateRandom = function;
+    }
+
+    public static sbyte GetDefaultDataCacheBufferLevel(int maxLayers)
+    {
+        return (sbyte)(BaseBufferLevel + maxLayers - 2);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>"<c>HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::Master</c>"</summary>
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> MasterKey => // "HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::Master"
+        new[]
+        {
+            (byte)'H', (byte)'i', (byte)'e', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'r', (byte)'c', (byte)'h',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'l', (byte)'I', (byte)'n', (byte)'t', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)'g', (byte)'r', (byte)'i', (byte)'t', (byte)'y', (byte)'V', (byte)'e', (byte)'r',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'f', (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'t', (byte)'i', (byte)'o',
+            (byte)'n', (byte)'S', (byte)'t', (byte)'o', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'g', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)':', (byte)':', (byte)'M', (byte)'a', (byte)'s', (byte)'t', (byte)'e', (byte)'r'
+        };
+
+    /// <summary>"<c>HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L1</c>"</summary>
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> L1Key => // "HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L1"
+        new[]
+        {
+            (byte)'H', (byte)'i', (byte)'e', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'r', (byte)'c', (byte)'h',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'l', (byte)'I', (byte)'n', (byte)'t', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)'g', (byte)'r', (byte)'i', (byte)'t', (byte)'y', (byte)'V', (byte)'e', (byte)'r',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'f', (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'t', (byte)'i', (byte)'o',
+            (byte)'n', (byte)'S', (byte)'t', (byte)'o', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'g', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)':', (byte)':', (byte)'L', (byte)'1'
+        };
+
+    /// <summary>"<c>HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L2</c>"</summary>
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> L2Key => // "HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L2"
+        new[]
+        {
+            (byte)'H', (byte)'i', (byte)'e', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'r', (byte)'c', (byte)'h',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'l', (byte)'I', (byte)'n', (byte)'t', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)'g', (byte)'r', (byte)'i', (byte)'t', (byte)'y', (byte)'V', (byte)'e', (byte)'r',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'f', (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'t', (byte)'i', (byte)'o',
+            (byte)'n', (byte)'S', (byte)'t', (byte)'o', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'g', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)':', (byte)':', (byte)'L', (byte)'2'
+        };
+
+    /// <summary>"<c>HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L3</c>"</summary>
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> L3Key => // "HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L3"
+        new[]
+        {
+            (byte)'H', (byte)'i', (byte)'e', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'r', (byte)'c', (byte)'h',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'l', (byte)'I', (byte)'n', (byte)'t', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)'g', (byte)'r', (byte)'i', (byte)'t', (byte)'y', (byte)'V', (byte)'e', (byte)'r',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'f', (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'t', (byte)'i', (byte)'o',
+            (byte)'n', (byte)'S', (byte)'t', (byte)'o', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'g', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)':', (byte)':', (byte)'L', (byte)'3'
+        };
+
+    /// <summary>"<c>HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L4</c>"</summary>
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> L4Key => // "HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L4"
+        new[]
+        {
+            (byte)'H', (byte)'i', (byte)'e', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'r', (byte)'c', (byte)'h',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'l', (byte)'I', (byte)'n', (byte)'t', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)'g', (byte)'r', (byte)'i', (byte)'t', (byte)'y', (byte)'V', (byte)'e', (byte)'r',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'f', (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'t', (byte)'i', (byte)'o',
+            (byte)'n', (byte)'S', (byte)'t', (byte)'o', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'g', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)':', (byte)':', (byte)'L', (byte)'4'
+        };
+
+    /// <summary>"<c>HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L5</c>"</summary>
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> L5Key => // "HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorage::L5"
+        new[]
+        {
+            (byte)'H', (byte)'i', (byte)'e', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'r', (byte)'c', (byte)'h',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'l', (byte)'I', (byte)'n', (byte)'t', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)'g', (byte)'r', (byte)'i', (byte)'t', (byte)'y', (byte)'V', (byte)'e', (byte)'r',
+            (byte)'i', (byte)'f', (byte)'i', (byte)'c', (byte)'a', (byte)'t', (byte)'i', (byte)'o',
+            (byte)'n', (byte)'S', (byte)'t', (byte)'o', (byte)'r', (byte)'a', (byte)'g', (byte)'e',
+            (byte)':', (byte)':', (byte)'L', (byte)'5'
+        };
+}

src/LibHac/Util/Optional.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ public struct Optional<T>
 
     public static implicit operator Optional<T>(in T value) => new Optional<T>(in value);
 
+    public void Set()
+    {
+        _hasValue = true;
+    }
+
     public void Set(T value)
     {
         _value = value;

tests/LibHac.Tests/FsSystem/TypeLayoutTests.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using LibHac.FsSystem;
 using Xunit;
 using static LibHac.Tests.Common.Layout;
@@ -279,4 +280,78 @@ public class TypeLayoutTests
         Assert.Equal(0x9, GetOffset(in s, in s.Reserved));
         Assert.Equal(0xC, GetOffset(in s, in s.Generation));
     }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public static void HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation_Layout()
+    {
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation s = default;
+
+        Assert.Equal(0x18, Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation>());
+
+        Assert.Equal(0x00, GetOffset(in s, in s.Offset));
+        Assert.Equal(0x08, GetOffset(in s, in s.Size));
+        Assert.Equal(0x10, GetOffset(in s, in s.BlockOrder));
+        Assert.Equal(0x14, GetOffset(in s, in s.Reserved));
+    }
+
+    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+    private struct HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformationAlignmentTest
+    {
+        public byte A;
+        public HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation B;
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public static void HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformation_Alignment()
+    {
+        var s = new HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformationAlignmentTest();
+
+        Assert.Equal(0x1C, Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationLevelInformationAlignmentTest>());
+
+        Assert.Equal(0, GetOffset(in s, in s.A));
+        Assert.Equal(4, GetOffset(in s, in s.B));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public static void HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation_Layout()
+    {
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation s = default;
+
+        Assert.Equal(0xB4, Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationInformation>());
+
+        Assert.Equal(0x00, GetOffset(in s, in s.MaxLayers));
+        Assert.Equal(0x04, GetOffset(in s, in s.Layers));
+        Assert.Equal(0x94, GetOffset(in s, in s.HashSalt));
+
+        Assert.Equal(Constants.IntegrityMaxLayerCount - 1, s.Layers.ItemsRo.Length);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public static void HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation_Layout()
+    {
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation s = default;
+
+        Assert.Equal(0xC0, Unsafe.SizeOf<HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationMetaInformation>());
+
+        Assert.Equal(0x00, GetOffset(in s, in s.Magic));
+        Assert.Equal(0x04, GetOffset(in s, in s.Version));
+        Assert.Equal(0x08, GetOffset(in s, in s.MasterHashSize));
+        Assert.Equal(0x0C, GetOffset(in s, in s.LevelHashInfo));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public static void HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationSizeSet_Layout()
+    {
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationSizeSet s = default;
+
+        Assert.Equal(Constants.IntegrityMaxLayerCount - 2, s.LayeredHashSizes.ItemsRo.Length);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public static void HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageControlArea_InputParam_Layout()
+    {
+        HierarchicalIntegrityVerificationStorageControlArea.InputParam s = default;
+
+        Assert.Equal(Constants.IntegrityMaxLayerCount - 1, s.LevelBlockSizes.ItemsRo.Length);
+    }
 }